The duke, in his guise of “Friar,” persuades Claudio that death is preferable to life. When Isabella tells Claudio that he can be freed if she yields her virginity to Angelo, Claudio decides that he wants to live even on these terms. Isabella is horrified. The “Friar,” who has been eavesdropping, tells Isabella of a way to save both Claudio and her own honor: they will get Angelo’s abandoned fiancée to sleep with Angelo in Isabella’s place.
Enter Duke ⌜as a Friar,⌝ Claudio, and Provost.
DUKE, ⌜as Friar⌝ 1209So then you hope of pardon from Lord Angelo? CLAUDIO 1210The miserable have no other medicine 1211But only hope. 1212I have hope to live and am prepared to die. DUKE, ⌜as Friar⌝ 12135Be absolute for death. Either death or life 1214Shall thereby be the sweeter. Reason thus with life: 1215If I do lose thee, I do lose a thing 1216That none but fools would keep. A breath thou art, 1217Servile to all the skyey influences 121810That ⌜doth⌝ this habitation where thou keep’st 1219Hourly afflict. Merely, thou art death’s fool, 1220For him thou labor’st by thy flight to shun, 1221And yet runn’st toward him still. Thou art not noble, 1222For all th’ accommodations that thou bear’st 122315Are nursed by baseness. Thou ’rt by no means 1224valiant, 1225For thou dost fear the soft and tender fork 1226Of a poor worm. Thy best of rest is sleep, 1227And that thou oft provok’st, yet grossly fear’st 122820Thy death, which is no more. Thou art not thyself, 1229For thou exists on many a thousand grains
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1230That issue out of dust. Happy thou art not, 1231For what thou hast not, still thou striv’st to get, 1232And what thou hast, forget’st. Thou art not certain, 123325For thy complexion shifts to strange effects 1234After the moon. If thou art rich, thou ’rt poor, 1235For, like an ass whose back with ingots bows, 1236Thou bear’st thy heavy riches but a journey, 1237And death unloads thee. Friend hast thou none, 123830For thine own bowels which do call thee ⌜sire,⌝ 1239The mere effusion of thy proper loins, 1240Do curse the gout, serpigo, and the rheum 1241For ending thee no sooner. Thou hast nor youth nor 1242age, 124335But as it were an after-dinner’s sleep 1244Dreaming on both, for all thy blessèd youth 1245Becomes as agèd and doth beg the alms 1246Of palsied eld; and when thou art old and rich, 1247Thou hast neither heat, affection, limb, nor beauty 124840To make thy riches pleasant. What’s yet in this 1249That bears the name of life? Yet in this life 1250Lie hid more thousand deaths; yet death we fear, 1251That makes these odds all even. CLAUDIO1252I humbly thank you. 125345To sue to live, I find I seek to die, 1254And seeking death, find life. Let it come on. ISABELLA, ⌜within⌝ 1255What ho! Peace here, grace, and good company. PROVOST 1256Who’s there? Come in. The wish deserves a welcome. DUKE, ⌜as Friar, to Claudio⌝ 1257Dear sir, ere long I’ll visit you again. CLAUDIO125850Most holy sir, I thank you.
Enter Isabella.
ISABELLA, ⌜to Provost⌝ 1259My business is a word or two with Claudio.
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PROVOST 1260And very welcome.—Look, signior, here’s your 1261sister. DUKE, ⌜as Friar⌝1262
Provost, a word with you. PROVOST126355As many as you please. DUKE, ⌜as Friar, aside to Provost⌝ 1264Bring ⌜me⌝ to hear ⌜them⌝ speak, where I may be 1265concealed. ⌜Duke and Provost exit.⌝ CLAUDIO1266
Now, sister, what’s the comfort? ISABELLA1267
Why, 126860As all comforts are, most good, most good indeed. 1269Lord Angelo, having affairs to heaven, 1270Intends you for his swift ambassador, 1271Where you shall be an everlasting leiger; 1272Therefore your best appointment make with speed. 127365Tomorrow you set on. CLAUDIO1274Is there no remedy? ISABELLA 1275None but such remedy as, to save a head, 1276To cleave a heart in twain. CLAUDIO1277
But is there any? ISABELLA127870Yes, brother, you may live. 1279There is a devilish mercy in the judge, 1280If you’ll implore it, that will free your life 1281But fetter you till death. CLAUDIO1282Perpetual durance? ISABELLA 128375Ay, just; perpetual durance, a restraint, 1284⌜Though⌝ all the world’s vastidity you had, 1285To a determined scope. CLAUDIO1286But in what nature? ISABELLA 1287In such a one as, you consenting to ’t, 128880Would bark your honor from that trunk you bear 1289And leave you naked.
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CLAUDIO1290Let me know the point. ISABELLA 1291O, I do fear thee, Claudio, and I quake 1292Lest thou a feverous life shouldst entertain, 129385And six or seven winters more respect 1294Than a perpetual honor. Dar’st thou die? 1295The sense of death is most in apprehension, 1296And the poor beetle that we tread upon 1297In corporal sufferance finds a pang as great 129890As when a giant dies. CLAUDIO1299
Why give you me this shame? 1300Think you I can a resolution fetch 1301From flowery tenderness? If I must die, 1302I will encounter darkness as a bride, 130395And hug it in mine arms. ISABELLA 1304There spake my brother! There my father’s grave 1305Did utter forth a voice. Yes, thou must die. 1306Thou art too noble to conserve a life 1307In base appliances. This outward-sainted deputy— 1308100Whose settled visage and deliberate word 1309Nips youth i’ th’ head, and follies doth ⌜enew⌝ 1310As falcon doth the fowl—is yet a devil. 1311His filth within being cast, he would appear 1312A pond as deep as hell. CLAUDIO1313105The prenzie Angelo? ISABELLA 1314O, ’tis the cunning livery of hell 1315The damned’st body to invest and cover 1316In prenzie guards. Dost thou think, Claudio, 1317If I would yield him my virginity 1318110Thou mightst be freed? CLAUDIO1319O heavens, it cannot be! ISABELLA 1320Yes, he would give ’t thee; from this rank offense, 1321So to offend him still. This night’s the time
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1322That I should do what I abhor to name, 1323115Or else thou diest tomorrow. CLAUDIO1324
Thou shalt not do ’t. ISABELLA1325
O, were it but my life, 1326I’d throw it down for your deliverance 1327As frankly as a pin. CLAUDIO1328120Thanks, dear Isabel. ISABELLA 1329Be ready, Claudio, for your death tomorrow. CLAUDIO1330
Yes. Has he affections in him 1331That thus can make him bite the law by th’ nose, 1332When he would force it? Sure it is no sin, 1333125Or of the deadly seven it is the least. ISABELLA1334
Which is the least? CLAUDIO 1335If it were damnable, he being so wise, 1336Why would he for the momentary trick 1337Be perdurably fined? O, Isabel— ISABELLA 1338130What says my brother? CLAUDIO1339Death is a fearful thing. ISABELLA1340
And shamèd life a hateful. CLAUDIO 1341Ay, but to die, and go we know not where, 1342To lie in cold obstruction and to rot, 1343135This sensible warm motion to become 1344A kneaded clod; and the delighted spirit 1345To bathe in fiery floods, or to reside 1346In thrilling region of thick-ribbèd ice, 1347To be imprisoned in the viewless winds 1348140And blown with restless violence round about 1349The pendent world; or to be worse than worst 1350Of those that lawless and incertain thought 1351Imagine howling—’tis too horrible. 1352The weariest and most loathèd worldly life 1353145That age, ache, ⌜penury,⌝ and imprisonment
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1354Can lay on nature is a paradise 1355To what we fear of death. ISABELLA1356
Alas, alas! CLAUDIO1357
Sweet sister, let me live. 1358150What sin you do to save a brother’s life, 1359Nature dispenses with the deed so far 1360That it becomes a virtue. ISABELLA1361O, you beast! 1362O faithless coward, O dishonest wretch, 1363155Wilt thou be made a man out of my vice? 1364Is ’t not a kind of incest to take life 1365From thine own sister’s shame? What should I think? 1366Heaven shield my mother played my father fair, 1367For such a warpèd slip of wilderness 1368160Ne’er issued from his blood. Take my defiance; 1369Die, perish. Might but my bending down 1370Reprieve thee from thy fate, it should proceed. 1371I’ll pray a thousand prayers for thy death, 1372No word to save thee. CLAUDIO1373165Nay, hear me, Isabel— ISABELLA1374
O, fie, fie, fie! 1375Thy sin’s not accidental, but a trade. 1376Mercy to thee would prove itself a bawd. 1377’Tis best that thou diest quickly. CLAUDIO1378170O, hear me, Isabella—
⌜Enter Duke as a Friar.⌝
DUKE, ⌜as Friar, to Isabella⌝ 1379Vouchsafe a word, young sister, but one word. ISABELLA1380
What is your will? DUKE, ⌜as Friar⌝1381
Might you dispense with your leisure, I 1382would by and by have some speech with you. The 1383175satisfaction I would require is likewise your own 1384benefit. ISABELLA1385
I have no superfluous leisure. My stay must
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1386be stolen out of other affairs, but I will attend you 1387awhile. DUKE, ⌜as Friar, taking Claudio aside⌝1388180Son, I have overheard 1389what hath passed between you and your 1390sister. Angelo had never the purpose to corrupt her; 1391only he hath made an assay of her virtue, to practice 1392his judgment with the disposition of natures. She, 1393185having the truth of honor in her, hath made him 1394that gracious denial which he is most glad to 1395receive. I am confessor to Angelo, and I know this 1396to be true. Therefore prepare yourself to death. Do 1397not satisfy your resolution with hopes that are 1398190fallible. Tomorrow you must die. Go to your knees 1399and make ready. CLAUDIO1400
Let me ask my sister pardon. I am so out of 1401love with life that I will sue to be rid of it. DUKE, ⌜as Friar⌝1402
Hold you there. Farewell.—Provost, a 1403195word with you.
⌜Enter Provost.⌝
PROVOST1404
What’s your will, father? DUKE, ⌜as Friar⌝1405
That now you are come, you will be 1406gone. Leave me awhile with the maid. My mind 1407promises with my habit no loss shall touch her by 1408200my company. PROVOST1409
In good time.He exits, ⌜with Claudio.⌝ DUKE, ⌜as Friar, to Isabella⌝1410
The hand that hath made 1411you fair hath made you good. The goodness that is 1412cheap in beauty makes beauty brief in goodness, 1413205but grace, being the soul of your complexion, shall 1414keep the body of it ever fair. The assault that Angelo 1415hath made to you, fortune hath conveyed to my 1416understanding; and but that frailty hath examples 1417for his falling, I should wonder at Angelo. How will 1418210you do to content this substitute and to save your 1419brother?
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ISABELLA1420
I am now going to resolve him. I had rather 1421my brother die by the law than my son should be 1422unlawfully born. But, O, how much is the good 1423215duke deceived in Angelo! If ever he return, and I 1424can speak to him, I will open my lips in vain, or 1425discover his government. DUKE, ⌜as Friar⌝1426
That shall not be much amiss. Yet, as 1427the matter now stands, he will avoid your accusation: 1428220he made trial of you only. Therefore, fasten 1429your ear on my advisings. To the love I have in doing 1430good, a remedy presents itself. I do make myself 1431believe that you may most uprighteously do a poor 1432wronged lady a merited benefit, redeem your brother 1433225from the angry law, do no stain to your own 1434gracious person, and much please the absent duke, 1435if peradventure he shall ever return to have hearing 1436of this business. ISABELLA1437
Let me hear you speak farther. I have spirit to 1438230do anything that appears not foul in the truth of my 1439spirit. DUKE, ⌜as Friar⌝1440
Virtue is bold, and goodness never 1441fearful. Have you not heard speak of Mariana, the 1442sister of Frederick, the great soldier who miscarried 1443235at sea? ISABELLA1444
I have heard of the lady, and good words 1445went with her name. DUKE, ⌜as Friar⌝1446
She should this Angelo have married, 1447was affianced to her oath, and the nuptial appointed. 1448240Between which time of the contract and 1449limit of the solemnity, her brother Frederick was 1450wracked at sea, having in that perished vessel the 1451dowry of his sister. But mark how heavily this befell 1452to the poor gentlewoman. There she lost a noble 1453245and renowned brother, in his love toward her ever 1454most kind and natural; with him, the portion and 1455sinew of her fortune, her marriage dowry; with
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1456both, her combinate husband, this well-seeming 1457Angelo. ISABELLA1458250Can this be so? Did Angelo so leave her? DUKE, ⌜as Friar⌝1459
Left her in her tears and dried not one 1460of them with his comfort, swallowed his vows 1461whole, pretending in her discoveries of dishonor; in 1462few, bestowed her on her own lamentation, which 1463255she yet wears for his sake; and he, a marble to her 1464tears, is washed with them but relents not. ISABELLA1465
What a merit were it in death to take this 1466poor maid from the world! What corruption in this 1467life, that it will let this man live! But how out of this 1468260can she avail? DUKE, ⌜as Friar⌝1469
It is a rupture that you may easily heal, 1470and the cure of it not only saves your brother, but 1471keeps you from dishonor in doing it. ISABELLA1472
Show me how, good father. DUKE, ⌜as Friar⌝1473265This forenamed maid hath yet in her 1474the continuance of her first affection. His unjust 1475unkindness, that in all reason should have 1476quenched her love, hath, like an impediment in the 1477current, made it more violent and unruly. Go you to 1478270Angelo, answer his requiring with a plausible obedience, 1479agree with his demands to the point. Only 1480refer yourself to this advantage: first, that your stay 1481with him may not be long, that the time may have all 1482shadow and silence in it, and the place answer to 1483275convenience. This being granted in course, and 1484now follows all: we shall advise this wronged maid 1485to stead up your appointment, go in your place. If 1486the encounter acknowledge itself hereafter, it may 1487compel him to her recompense; and here, by this, is 1488280your brother saved, your honor untainted, the poor 1489Mariana advantaged, and the corrupt deputy 1490scaled. The maid will I frame and make fit for his 1491attempt. If you think well to carry this as you may,
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1492the doubleness of the benefit defends the deceit 1493285from reproof. What think you of it? ISABELLA1494
The image of it gives me content already, and 1495I trust it will grow to a most prosperous perfection. DUKE, ⌜as Friar⌝1496
It lies much in your holding up. Haste 1497you speedily to Angelo. If for this night he entreat 1498290you to his bed, give him promise of satisfaction. I 1499will presently to Saint Luke’s. There at the moated 1500grange resides this dejected Mariana. At that place 1501call upon me, and dispatch with Angelo that it may 1502be quickly. ISABELLA1503295I thank you for this comfort. Fare you well, 1504good father. She exits. ⌜The Duke remains.⌝